GOVERNMENT OF HARRAWI
Officially, Harrawi has been a democratic country since
2002. The government, lead by a prime minister, is appointed
and sacked directly by the 71 member parliament (the Chamber
of Deputies or esh'Eshaa Eengatare in Harrawi). The
office of president is purely ceremonial. He too is
appointed by parliament for a six year term, which is twice
renewable. In 2015, Hupilulyum Yepreshias was appointed as the
third president of Harrawi. The government has been chaired
by prime minister Aames Ugshyaneu (NID) since April 2019.
In November 2024, a coup d'état by an organisation known as the
Military Command Council for the Rebirth of Harrawi (sh'Walyis
Ahrashanily Uryeu Apashaana Harraay; MAUAH) suspended
the governmental structure and announced new elections and a
referendum on a new constitution on 8 March 2025.
From 2002 to 2011,
parliament was chaired by Maamus Abdurashiabon, who could be
considered the most powerful person in Harrawi at that time.
His death in August 2011 left an important vacancy and it
was only in November that parliament was able to elect his
successor. Some sort of power struggle had been going on
between the parliament and the government since
Abdurashiabon's death. The November 2024 coup d'état put an
end to this.
Elections of the Yeshaa Eengatare
Before 2002, Harrawi politics were dominated by the Sultan's
party Isb Rashyaa (IR); although other parties were
allowed, governments of non-IR signatures were often toppled
if their policies weren't in line with those of the IR.
Since the 2002 revolution, parliamentary elections take place every four years. The
last one occurred on 10 March 2023 and the next one will
therefore take place not later than 12 March 2027. The
elections are often considered a mere formality, because the political
parties overlap mostly with the country's division in clans;
therefore, the results of subsequent parliamentary elections
are more or less the same. Government coalitions may change
within a parliamentary period.
Currently ten political
parties are represented in the Yeshaa Eengatare
since 2003: the
Onsery Isb Demukratyaa (OID, First Democratic Party;
Wary-clan), the Isb Akshana a Ashula (IAA, Party for
Development and Prosperity; linked to the Isun-clan), the New Isb Demukratyaa (NID, New
Democratic Party; Libinay-clan), Isb e'Saag (IS,
Saag-Party and -clan), Isb sh'Nassaa Harraay (INH,
Party for the People of Harrawi; Uryupulaa-clan), Isb esh'Kuumeen (IK,
Kuumeen-Party and -clan), Isb
esh'Aruunn (IH, Harunn-Party and -clan), the
Aglyawa Slamyawa (AS, Islamic Values; linked with no
clan), the Sikanish Apiriyatily Harrawia (SAH,
Political Initiative for Harrawi; linked with no clan), and
the Isb esh'Eragyaau (IY, Yeragyau-Party and -clan).
The Yeshaa Eengatare has been suspended since 20 November 2024.
SEAT DIVISIONS OF THE YESHAA EENGATARE SINCE
2003 |
|
The dates are those of the elections;
subsequent government coalitions are
indicated in red. |
|
s |
21/03
2003 |
23/03
2007 |
25/03
2011 |
25/03
2011 |
20/03
2015 |
15/03
2019 |
10/03
2023 |
|
|
|
|
AS |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
IAA |
16 |
18 |
19 |
19 |
17 |
15 |
18 |
|
|
|
|
IH |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
IK |
4 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
INH |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
IS |
11 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
IY |
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
NID |
15 |
13 |
13 |
13 |
12 |
16 |
16 |
|
|
|
|
OID |
19 |
17 |
18 |
18 |
19 |
16 |
15 |
|
|
|
|
SAH |
|
|
|
|
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
Foreign
relations
Foreign
politics of Harrawi since the independence have been largely
neutral, although the country has some clear opinions about
some issues. The Harrawi government doesn't for instance
recognise Israel, but doesn't favour Iran either. During the
war between Iraw and Iran in the eighties, Harrawi didn't
choose sides, but the Iraqi invasion in Kuwait in the
nineties was sharply condemned by Oryaa. Harrawi never
participated in combined military operations in the
Middle-East and (officially) didn't involve itself in the
Somalian civil wars or the independence war of Eritrea
against Ethiopia. In the eighties Harrawi did some business
with South-Yemen, through which country Harrawi got some
military equipment from the Soviet Union in order to build
an army, a navy and an airforce. Currently, Harrawi is a
member of the African Union, the OPEC, the
Exumbran Convention, and
FICT.
Harrawi has a
mixed relation with the West. Most Harrawi watch America
with some suspicion, but the British rule until 1978 on the
other hand wasn't really experienced as a bad thing. Since
2003, Harrawi tries to participate in the battle against
terrorism, and alleged members of Al-Qaida are arrested
frequently. Independent parties, such Amnesty International,
have some objections against the credibility of this, but
since Harrawi has a relatively mild penal system in
comparison to some other countries in the region, the
country isn't rapped over the knuckles very often.
|
SULTANS OF HARRAWI |
|
First dynasty |
1543 - 1561 |
Ibreu I Fayatabon |
1561 - 1566 |
Ibreu II
Ibrilabon |
1566 - 1578 |
Aluwam Ibrilabon |
1578 - 1579 |
Maamus I Aluwamaabon |
1580 - 1596 |
Tusaly I Aluwamaabon |
1596 - 1609 |
Yusuf Aluwamaabon |
1609 - 1611 |
Maamus II Yusufaabon |
1611 - 1634 |
Ashon Yusufaabon |
1634 - 1645 |
Ibreu III Ashanabon |
1645 - 1659 |
Maamus III Ibrilabon |
1659 - 1677 |
Maamus IV Maamutabon |
1677 - 1684 |
Fayas Maamutabon |
1684 - 1699 |
Tusaly II Maamutabon |
1699 - 1702 |
Aames Tusalyiabon |
|
Second dynasty |
1788 - 1799 |
Brayim I |
1799 - 1824 |
Brayim II |
1824 - 1829 |
Yusuf |
1829 - 1866 |
Ashon I |
1866 - 1875 |
Brayim III (first time) |
|
Egyptian rule 1875 - 1884 |
1884 - 1884 |
Brayim III (second time) |
1884 - 1901 |
Brayim III (second time, contd. under
British rule) |
1901 - 1916 |
Ashon II (under British rule) |
1916 - 1930 |
Abdul I (under British rule) |
1930 - 1940 |
Ashon III (first time, under British
rule) |
|
Italian rule 1940 - 1942 |
1942 - 1953 |
Ashon III (second time, under British
rule) |
1953 - 1954 |
Abdul II (under British rule) |
1954 - 1978 |
Abdurrash (under British rule) |
1978 - 1981 |
Abdurrash (contd. after independence) |
1981 - 2001 |
Brayim IV |
2001 - 2002 |
Faysau (deposed, republic proclaimed) |
|
|
PRESIDENTS OF HARRAWI |
2002 - 2003 |
Maamus Abdurashiabon (IAA, transitional) |
2003 - 2009 |
Shmayeu Kuryayeu (OID) |
2009 - 2015 |
Maamus Uryiabon (IAA) |
2015 - 2024 |
Hupilulyum Yepreshias (ind., deposed) |
|
|
PRIME MINISTERS OF HARRAWI |
1978 - 2003 |
Abdul Hrayapueu (IR) |
1978 - 1980 |
Fayas Faysalabon
(IR, first time) |
1980 - 2015 |
Hupilulyum Ibrilabon
(OID, first time) |
1980 -
2021 |
Brayim Shuryaa (ind.) |
1980 - 1981 |
Igbau Maamutabon (IAA) |
1981 - 1981 |
Fayas Faysalabon
(IR, second time) |
1981 - 1984 |
Hupilulyum Ibrilabon
(OID, second time) |
1984 - 1986 |
Fayas Faysalabon
(IR, third time) |
1986 - 1986 |
Tusaly Beeshig (IR) |
1986 - 1986 |
Muusheu Lulis (IR) |
1986 - 1986 |
Sisons Farukabon (ind.) |
1986 - 1987 |
Aames Abduleabon (IAA) |
1987 - 1989 |
Yusuf Maamutabon (IAA, first time) |
1989 - 1993 |
Sanor Shuryaa (OID, first time) |
1993 - 1995 |
Yusuf Maamutabon (IAA, second time) |
1995 - 1995 |
Faruk Murilisheu (IR, first time) |
1995 - 1996 |
Yusuf Maamutabon (IAA, third time) |
1996 - 1999 |
Yaron Yog (IS) |
1999 - 1999 |
Faruk Murilisheu (IR, second time) |
1999 - 2001 |
Yusuf Maamutabon (IAA, fourth time) |
2001 - 2002 |
Faruk Murilisheu (IR, third time) |
|
interim period (2002 - 2003) |
2003 - 2006 |
Aames Oshonyau (OID) |
2006 - 2007 |
Lawoon Hupilineu (OID) |
2007 - 2007 |
Aames Sanoraabon (IS) |
2007 - 2010 |
Muusheu Rimilisheu (IAA) |
2010 - 2012 |
Atusheu Bulinau (IAA) |
2012 - 2013 |
Sanor Shuryaa (OID, second time, dies
in office) |
2013 - 2019 |
Ashon Pary (OID) |
2019 - 2024 |
Aames Ugshyaneu (NID, deposed) |
2024 - 2025 |
Maamus Shmayelabon (ind.; Chairman of MAUAH) |
|
|
CHAIRMEN OF THE YESHAA EENGATARE |
1978 - 1986 |
Muusheu Lulis (IR) |
1986 - 1987 |
Ali Lawaanabon (IR) |
1987 - 1996 |
Sisons Farukabon (ind.) |
1996 - 1999 |
Faruk Murilisheu (IR) |
1999 - 2001 |
Aaween Burush (IAA) |
2001 - 2002 |
Ury Faus (IR) |
2002 - 2011 |
Maamus Abdurashiabon (IAA) |
2011 - 2011 |
Amun Hanaayau (INH, interim) |
2011 - 2012 |
Yaron Hagasheu (IAA) |
2012 - 2024 |
Aames Sanoraabon (IS; deposed) |
|